Gum Arabic Drives Hidden War in Sudan

What is Gum Arabic?

Gum Arabic is a resin extracted from the Acacia Senegal tree, which grows in Central Africa. It is used as an emulsifier and binder in numerous products, ranging from soft drinks and ice cream to cosmetics. It can be found on labels under the names "gum arabic," "acacia gum," "E414," or "I414."

The Importance of Gum Arabic in the Global Economy

In 2024, international companies imported nearly 200,000 tons of gum arabic, generating an estimated revenue of almost $300 million. Sudan, before the outbreak of conflict in April 2023, was the largest exporter of gum arabic in the world, holding a market share of 70% to 80%.

The Impact of War on Trade

Following the outbreak of war, the amount of officially exported gum arabic from Sudan has dramatically decreased. Conversely, exports from neighboring countries have increased, suggesting that this profitable crop is being used to finance conflict. The majority of Sudanese gum arabic is now trafficked, making it difficult to trace its origin.

How is the Sudanese Population Affected?

The war has generated increased insecurity for farmers and workers in the supply chain. Although the price of hashab gum has risen, those relying on this trade are now earning even less.